GED 501, 502 M. Sc. Seminar I, II (1+0+0) 1 ECTS 10
(Yüksek Lisans Seminerleri I, II)

GED 505 Coordinate Systems (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 10
(Koordinat Sistemleri)
Conventional terrestrial and intertial systems. Differential relationships. Generalized coordinates in geodesy.

GED 507 Geodetic Linear Estimation Theory (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 10
(Jeodezik Doğrusal Kestirim Kuramı)
Probability, determinism, random variables and sampling in geodesy. General procedure of geodetic methodology. Concepts of, and relations between observation, model and solution spaces. Linear mean square estimation of parameters of observation, model and solution spaces. Generalized inverse.

GED 508 Signal Processing and Optimization (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 8
(Sinyal İşleme ve Optimizasyon)
The dfinition and the content of time series. Methods to modify and combine them. Data modelling/optimization using inversion and grid search. Unknowns and error assessment. Reliability of results.
Prerequisite: Consent of the advisor

GED 511 Fundamentals of Surveying and Mapping (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 7
(Ölçme ve Haritalamanın Temelleri)
Basic concepts of surveying and mapping; principal surveying instruments and accessories; measurement of angles and distances; error concepts in surveying operations; elements of control network; surveys for locating details; map plotting and drafting; types of surveying; topographic, cadastral, engineering, route, mine, hydrographic, industrial surveying; uses of surveys; elements of surveying projects; elements of photogrammetry; map projections.

GED 515 Adjustment Computations (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 7
(Dengeleme Hesabı)
Observational errors and error propagation. Weights. Least square adjustment of direct and/or indirect observations. Adjustment with conditions. Solution of normals. United approach. Adjustment of horizontal control, vertical control and gravity network. Curve and surface fitting.

GED 516 Fundamental of Geodesy (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 7
(Jeodezinin Temelleri)
Euclidean space on the sphere and ellipsoid of revolution. Astronomical positioning and orientation. Gravity field of the earth. Heights above sea level. Terrestrial and space techniques. Geodetic networks. Contribution of geodesy to geodynamics studies.

GED 517 Earthquakes and Faults (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 7
(Depremler ve Faylar)
Stress/Strain; solid fluids; fracture mechanics; earh's structure, its thermal state and its basic motions; plate tectonics; faulting and earthquake process
Prerequisite: Consent of the advisor

GED 518 Mathematical Methods in Geodesy (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 7
(Jeodezi'de Matematiksel Yöntemler)
Fundamentals of physical geodesy. Mathematical problems and harmonic functions in geodesy. Problem solutions and special integrals. Boundary-value problems. Derivatives of harmonic functions.
Prerequisite: Consent of the advisor

GED 531 Potential Theory (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 8
(Potansiyal Kuramı)
Attraction and Newtonian potential function. Potential of a solid body, a single and a double layer (dipole). Harmonic functions. Decomposition formula. Boundary-value problems. Dimensions of gravitational and magnetic potentials. Coriolis force. Equipotential surfaces. Lines of force. Curvature of field. Analytical continuation.

GED 533 Advanced Geometric Geodesy (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 7
(İleri Geometrik Jeodezi)
Geometry of rotational ellipsoid. Long line problems on the ellipsoid. Ellipsoid alteration and datum transformations. Three-dimensional geodesy. Use of analytic functions for geometric geodesy. Representation of the ellipsoid on a sphere. Projected geodesics. Common projections. Mercator, transverse Mercator projections. Conformal conic projections.

GED 535 Gravity Measurements (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 7
(Gravite Ölçüleri)
Actural gravity and other forces. Absolute, relative, sea surface and underwater, and airborne gravity measurements. Corrections and reductions of gravity measurements of gravity gradient. Gravity anomalies and unsurveyed areas. Variation of gravity and geodynamics.

GED 536 Assessment of Geodetic Results (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 7
(Jeodezi Sonuçlarının İrdelenmesi)
Statistical tests of hypothesis and significance. Parameters of observation, model and solution spaces. Assessment of observations with univariate tests. Simultaneous assessment of observations and functional models with multivariate tests. Assessment of determined parameters of solution space.

GED 538 Geodetic Control Networks (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 7
(Jeodezik Kontrol Ağları)
Objectives and ellipsoid and datum problems in geodetic control; astrogeodetic vertical deflections and geoid heights; observations and their reductions; design; use of space techniques and inertial systems; qualitative improvement of existing networks; major geodetic datums; Turkish primary horizontal control network; gravity disturbances and anomalies; tide gauges and vertical datum; height systems; prediction of local anomalies; adjustment procedure; densification; restoration of obliterated points; Turkish primary vertical control and gravity networks.

GED 541 Geodesy and Geodynamics (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 7
(Jeodezi ve Jeodinamik)
Annual motion of the earth; spinning, precession and nutation; polar motion; earth tides and response of the solid earth to other external effects; tectonic plate movements; crustal deformations; mean and timevarying sea surface; geodynamical effects to geodetic means; earthquake prediction and global geodynamics programs.

GED 542 Continuous Reference Networks (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 7
(Sürekli Başvuru Ağları)
Functions of continuous reference stations and networks; worldwide continuous reference networks and operators; principle of continuous network design; system design: operating systems, software, and architecture; component design; broadcast station and data flow; control station and data flow; control station hardware and its functional description; broadcast station functional description; data formats; maintenance; site selection; buildings and cablings.

GED 543 Deformation Monitoring and Control Surveying (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 7
(Şekil Değişimlerinin İzlenmesi ve Kontrol Ölçmeleri)
Basic definitions and use of control networks; survey techniques for deformation monitoring; instruments; electronic distance and angle measurements; precise leveling; use of GPS in deformation surveys; photogrammetric techniques; use of non-geodetic methods and equipments; instrumentation and equipment requirements; monitoring frequency; deformation monitoring for engineering structures (underground openings, dams, building, railways, highways, bridges, towers); analysis of deformation measurements.

GED 544 Space Techniques (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 7
(Uzay Teknikleri)
Coordinate and time systems; conventional celestial reference systems, conventional terrestrial reference systems, time systems and coordinate transformations between these systems; orbital movements; normal orbit, perturbed orbit, visibility; observables; optics, distance and distance difference; geodetic applications; orbit determination, determining crustal deformations, datum transformation; dynamic applications; determining harmonics, pole motion parameters and length of day.

GED 551 Geodetic Infrastructure for GIS (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 7
(CBS için Jeodezik Altyapı)
GIS (geographical information system) and geodetic infrastructure integration; spatial data and specifications; importance of positioning and accuracy for GIS; positioning systems and techniques; spatial referencing by coordinates; coordinate systems; datum and geodetic projections; horizontal, vertical, geocentric, dynamic datum; structure of conventional geodetic networks; national conventional geodetic network; structure of space based geodetic networks; Turkish national fundamental GPS network; height information; Turkish national vertical control network; local, National and global geoids; ITRF/ED and other local networks integration; natural disaster effects on geodetic network; importance of time information and velocity modeling; spatial database standards and geodetic data management; national and international geodetic data standards; ISO/TC; data collection techniques for GIS.

GED 552 Management of GIS Projects (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 7
(CBS Projelerinin Yönetimi)
Communication and data exchange; strategical planning, current state analysis; project planning, current state analysis; project planning; aim description; conceptual modeling; analysis of cost and benefit; system choice; introduction to the system; preparing system architecture; hardware and software requirements and implementation; GIS management, budgeting for GIS operation and maintenance; feedback; data acquisition; system management; system maintenance and system exchange; manageability and updating of GIS; integrating GIS products with other disciplines, its interpretation and analysis.

GED 553 Visualization in Geodesy (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 7
(Jeodezide Görselleştirme)
Geographic information systems (GIS) and cartography; the relations between GIS and cartography; the importance of maps in GIS as a visualization tool; spatial data; examples for the application of cartographic methods; map characteristics in GIS; cartographic approaches; the cartographic communication process in GIS; map functions and map types of GIS applications; cartographic visualization; cognition; communication; formalism; design of maps as end product of GIS; generalization; symbolization; map production; desktop mapping; statistical representation related with GIS; statistical surveys; cartographic analysis for spatial data; statistical mapping methods; techniques for presentation of information; electronic atlases; maps and multimedia systems, animated maps; rule and knowledge-based systems in cartography; some examples of visualization software in GIS.

GED 554 Information Technology and GIS (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 7
(Bilgi Teknolojisi ve CBS)
Basics of information technologies; basics of GIS systems; introduction to client/server systems; data modeling approaches; object oriented data modeling and tools; XML in data modeling; comparison of data models; UML, XML and GML in spatial data modeling and exchange problem; query languages in relation to database systems; some relational databases (e.g. Access and Oracle); methods for storing different type of data in databases and comparison between them; metadata; web based GIS; security tools for information systems; examples of GIS softwares (MapInfo, SupportGIS, ArcInfo).

GED 579 Graduate Seminar (0+1+0) 0 ECTS 1 Pass/Fail
(Lisansüstü Seminer)
Seminars offered by faculty, guest speakers and/or graduate students designed to widen students' perspectives on specific topics of interest and to expand their range of scientific research techniques and publication ethics.

GED 580 Analysis Models for High Precision GPS (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 7
(Yüksek Hassasiyetli GPS icin Analiz Modelleri)
Basic observation equations for GPS positioning; observation equations for global and regional GPS studies; earth rotation; reference system and reference frame concepts; advanced observation models; determining precise time difference for high precision application; research softwares; relativistic effects on GPS signals.

GED 581 High Precision GPS Geodesy (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 7
(Yüksek Hassasiyetli GPS Jeodezisi)
Historical development of GPS for high precision applications; obtaining high precision by using GPS; use of GPS in geophysical experiments; GPS for determining horizontal and vertical crustal movements; error sources on vertical positioning with GPS; GPS for determining global sea level rise; earthquake monitoring using GPS; using GPS for determining earth rotation and polar motion.

GED 590-599 Selected Topics in Geodesy (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 7
(Jeodezide Seçilmis Konular)
Study of selected topics in geodesy. Focus on topics of recent technological and theoretical developments in geodesy.

GED 601, 602 Ph.D. Seminar I, II (1+0+0) 1 ECTS 10
(Doktora Seminerleri I, II)
Any sustained study of the student which leads to collect materials on a particular subject and to present them. The objective is that the student should improve his/her ability in - self-initiated learning, -systematizing collected materials in order to utilize them not only for oral presentation before audience but also for information retrieval and question answering.

GED 631 Geodesy and Geodynamics (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 10
(Jeodezi ve Yer Dinamiği)
Annual motion of the earth. Spinning, precession and nutation. Polar motion. Earth tides and response of the solid earth to other external effects. Tectonic plate movements. Crustal deformations. Mean and timevarying sea surface. Geodynamical effects to geodetic means. Earthquake prediction and global geodynamics programs.

GED 632 Geodetic Data Base (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 8
(Jeodezik Veri Tabanı)
Problems of data in geodesy. Basic operations on information sets. The mode of data utilization in geodesy. Structure of geodetic data. Types of files and records. Query and data base management systems. Designing, developing, implementing and maintaining of geodetic databases. Data handling in other disciplines in support of geodetic data.

GED 633 Optimization of Geodetic Networks (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 8
(Jeodezik Ağların Optimizasyonu)
Fundamentals of mathematical optimization and design process. Parameters of Objective functions. Simulation and analytical approaches. Selection of reference system. Design of configuration. Choice of weights. Improvement.

GED 690 M.Sc. Thesis ECTS 60
(Yüksek Lisans Tezi)
Any small project which leads to in-depth study of a demonstrating problem solving and report writing capabilities of the student.

GED 693 Special Topics in Geodesy I (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 10
(Seçimlik Konular I)
Basic technology of space geodesy, concept and application of time and frequency, and radio infterferometry, concept and technology of satellite navigation, satellite and lunar laser ranging, concept of ring laser and optical interferometry.

GED 694 Special Topics in Geodesy II (3+0+0) 3 ECTS 8
(Seçimlik Konular II)
Techniques of space geodesy, Global Positioning System (GPS) and differential GPS, Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) and Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) applications.

GED 700 Graduate Seminar (0+1+0) 0 ECTS 2
(Lisansüstü Seminer)
Seminars offered by faculty, guest speakers and graduate students designed to widen students' perspectives on specific topics of interest and to expand their range of scientific research techniques and publication ethics.

GED 790 Ph. D. Thesis ECTS 120
(Doktora Tezi)
The Ph.D. thesis is a scholarly contribution to knowledge in the area of specialization. By researching and writing a thesis the student is expected to demonstrate a high level of knowledge and capability of function as an independent scholar.